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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Priming effects from young-old to very old age on a word-stem completion task: minimizing explicit contamination.

Pauline E J Spaan1, Jeroen G W Raaijmakers

  • 1Department of Psychonomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. P.E.J.Spaan@uva.nl

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|October 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Repetition priming effects remain consistent across older adults using a new Word-Stem Completion task. This finding suggests age-invariant priming, aiding in cognitive assessment and differentiation of conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Repetition priming effects are crucial for understanding memory and cognitive function.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding age-related changes in priming.
  • A need exists for validated tasks to accurately measure priming in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the size of repetition priming effects across a wide age range of older adults (55-94 years).
  • To examine the influence of explicit retrieval strategies on priming.
  • To develop and validate a new Word-Stem Completion (WSC) task for enhanced measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • A newly developed Word-Stem Completion (WSC) task was administered to 170 cognitively healthy older adults.
  • Factors known to complicate priming measurements were controlled for.
  • Post-task questionnaires assessed awareness of the study-test relationship and explicit retrieval strategies.

Main Results:

  • Priming effects were found to be age-invariant, with no significant influence from age, gender, education, intelligence, cognitive status, memory complaints, or depressive symptoms.
  • Participants reporting awareness of the study-test relationship showed higher priming scores.
  • Analysis of completion times indicated that explicit contamination during the task was unlikely.

Conclusions:

  • Word-Stem Completion (WSC) priming is robust and age-invariant up to very old age.
  • The developed WSC task demonstrates increased validity and may improve the specificity of cognitive assessments.
  • This validated task holds potential for differentiating conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.