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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

Human embryonic stem cell proliferation and differentiation as parameters to evaluate developmental toxicity.

Rajarshi Pal1, Murali Krishna Mamidi, Anjan Kumar Das

  • 1Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|October 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) assay for predictive toxicology. The assay accurately identifies drug-induced developmental toxicity by analyzing cell cycle, gene expression, and hormone levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Traditional embryonic stem cell test (EST) using mouse ESCs has limitations including specialized skill requirements and potential for misjudgment.
  • Morphological evaluation of beating cell clusters in EST is prone to false positives and requires expert assessment.
  • There is a need for improved in vitro models for predictive toxicology screening that are reliable and clinically relevant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel human ESC (hESC)-based assay for evaluating the in vitro developmental toxicity of chemical compounds.
  • To assess the potential of hESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) to detect drug-induced alterations in morphology, viability, cell cycle, gene expression, and hormone production.
  • To establish a clinically relevant and commercially viable alternative for predicting in vivo developmental toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Human ESCs were cultured and differentiated into embryoid bodies (EBs) and exposed to penicillin-G, caffeine, and hydroxyurea.
  • Assessed EB morphology, viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry.
  • Analyzed gene expression of stemness, germ layer-specific markers, and protein/hormone levels using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and ECLIA.

Main Results:

  • Drug treatment significantly inhibited hESC adhesion, altered EB morphology, and reduced viability.
  • Flow cytometry revealed increased apoptosis and altered DNA content/cell cycle distribution in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Downregulation of stemness and germ layer-specific markers, along with decreased protein and hormone levels, indicated abnormal differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hESC-based assay effectively detects drug-induced developmental toxicity in vitro.
  • This novel approach, incorporating DNA cell cycle analysis, marker expression, and hormone levels, offers a reliable method for toxicity screening.
  • The assay presents a promising clinically relevant and commercially viable alternative for predicting in vivo developmental toxicity.