Forensic dentistry--recent development towards an independent discipline in modern dentistry

Since the late 1890s, forensic odontology has gradually established itself as important, often indispensable, in medicolegal cases, in particular for identification of the dead. The specialty of forensic dentistry generally covers three basic areas, namely, (1) identifications human remains, (2) litigation relating to malpractice, and (3) criminal proceedings, primarily in the areas of bite-mark evaluation and child abuse. Much of its expertise is based on clinical experience, fundamental research and advances in knowledge in relation to dentistry in general. Particularly over the past two decades, there has also been increasing research on specific forensic dental matters. In this paper, the methods of identification used in forensic dentistry are reviewed, and their application in two areas, mass disasters and bite-mark analysis is discussed. Progress in this field in Finland has been relatively slow. It has depended as in other countries on development of training and research facilities in the dental schools, and oral pathology departments.