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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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The posterior parietal cortex and non-spatial cognition.

Yumiko Yamazaki1, Teruo Hashimoto, Atsushi Iriki

  • 1Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has evolved beyond processing physical space to include abstract concepts. This review explores these non-spatial representations and their underlying mechanisms in the PPC.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • The primate posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is traditionally associated with processing environmental physical space.
  • Human PPC shows expansion in size and functional range, incorporating abstract and higher-order conceptual spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various forms of non-spatial representation in the human PPC.
  • To explore the mechanisms enabling the PPC to establish abstract representations.
  • To propose a unifying principle for PPC functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PPC function.
  • Analysis of non-spatial representations in the PPC.
  • Theoretical consideration of evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The PPC represents abstract concepts and pseudo-spatial relations.
  • Representations are ordered by increasing levels of abstraction.
  • Potential mechanisms for the evolution of abstract representation in the PPC are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The human PPC has a broader functional repertoire than previously understood.
  • Evolutionary pressures likely drove the expansion of PPC functions to include abstract thought.
  • A unified framework can integrate spatial and non-spatial functions of the PPC.