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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Solar urticaria.

C R Srinivas1, J Fergusson, S D Shenoi

  • 1Department of Skin and STD, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|October 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solar urticaria, a sun allergy, was diagnosed in two patients using a solar simulator. Treatment with combined H1 and H2 antihistamines proved effective for symptom relief.

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Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
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Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Allergy Immunology

Background:

  • Solar urticaria is a rare photodermatosis characterized by immediate wheal-and-flare reactions upon sun exposure.
  • Clinical presentation can be variable, necessitating objective diagnostic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the diagnosis of solar urticaria in patients presenting with suggestive symptoms.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of H1 and H2 blocking antihistamines.

Main Methods:

  • Patients underwent phototesting using a solar simulator to elicit and confirm the diagnosis.
  • Treatment response was assessed based on clinical improvement with combined H1 and H2 antihistamines.

Main Results:

  • Phototesting confirmed the diagnosis of solar urticaria in both patients.
  • A combination therapy of H1 and H2 blocking antihistamines demonstrated effectiveness in managing symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Solar urticaria can be reliably diagnosed using controlled solar simulator phototesting.
  • Combined H1 and H2 antihistamine therapy is an effective treatment strategy for solar urticaria.