Sleep apnea in congestive heart failure
Meredith A Brisco1, Lee R Goldberg
1Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Program, University of Pennsylvania, 2 East Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Current Heart Failure Reports
|October 19, 2010
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) worsens heart failure (HF) by causing breathing pauses during sleep. This review explores OSA
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves pharyngeal muscle relaxation during sleep, leading to breathing interruptions.
- These events cause increased cardiac afterload, intermittent hypoxia, and sympathetic nervous system overactivity.
- These physiological changes can significantly strain a compromised heart.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the intricate relationship between OSA and heart failure (HF).
- To examine evidence supporting OSA as both a cause and a consequence of HF.
- To explore how OSA impacts other cardiovascular conditions relevant to HF.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current evidence.
- Analysis of studies investigating the OSA-HF connection.
- Examination of OSA's role in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and arrhythmias.
Main Results:
- OSA is implicated as both a contributing factor and an outcome of HF.
- Recurrent apneas and hypopneas negatively affect cardiac function.
- OSA exacerbates other cardiovascular diseases, influencing HF development.
Conclusions:
- OSA presents a significant challenge in managing patients with heart failure.
- Understanding the bidirectional relationship between OSA and HF is crucial for effective treatment.
- Addressing OSA may improve outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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