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Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 9, 2015

Measurement of heme concentration.

P R Sinclair¹, N Gorman, J M Jacobs

¹Veterans Administration Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA.

Current Protocols in Toxicology

|October 19, 2010

Summary

This study details methods for quantifying heme, essential for hemoproteins. Assays include spectrophotometric, fluorescence, HPLC, and radiometric techniques for heme synthesis and degradation analysis.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is a crucial prosthetic group for numerous hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and cytochromes.
Dysregulation in heme biosynthesis or degradation pathways can lead to various health issues.
Accurate quantification of heme is vital for understanding its biological roles and associated pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a comprehensive unit detailing multiple assays for heme quantification.
To provide methods for assessing both heme levels and its synthetic/degradative intermediates.
To enable the measurement of heme synthesis in cellular contexts.

Main Methods:

Spectrophotometric assay utilizing the characteristic absorption spectrum of hemochrome.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

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Published on: July 9, 2015

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Published on: January 31, 2022

Fluorescence assay based on iron removal to yield fluorescent protoporphyrin.

Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for heme and intermediate analysis.

Radiometric assay for quantifying newly synthesized heme in cultured cells.

Main Results:

Established spectrophotometric, fluorescence, HPLC, and radiometric methods for heme quantification.
Demonstrated the utility of these assays in measuring heme and its pathway intermediates.
Validated a radiometric assay for assessing heme synthesis in tissue culture.

Conclusions:

The presented assays offer versatile tools for researchers studying heme metabolism.
These methods facilitate the investigation of heme-related disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Accurate heme measurement is critical for advancing research in hemoprotein function and disease.