Long-period fiber gratings spontaneously written by a mechanism markedly different from Hill grating formation

Pumping a nonlinear germanosilicate fiber with intense near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses for supercontinuum generation may invoke multiphoton-assisted photosensitivity of glasses to write a long-period fiber grating. In sharp contrast to the spontaneous formation of a Hill grating that resonates with the writing wavelength through first-order diffraction, the long-period fiber grating resonates with the writing wavelength through second-order diffraction. This finding highlights the surprising light-matter interaction in a waveguide.