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Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Secondary syphilis resembling erythema multiforme.

Chinmoy Bhate1, Ani L Tajirian, Rajendra Kapila

  • 1Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA.

International Journal of Dermatology
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Summary

Secondary syphilis can present as an unusual rash resembling erythema multiforme (EM). Early diagnosis and penicillin treatment are crucial for this Treponema pallidum infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Syphilology

Background:

  • Secondary syphilis, a stage of Treponema pallidum infection, typically appears 4-10 weeks post-exposure.
  • Cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis are diverse, with some cases mimicking erythema multiforme (EM).

Observation:

  • A case report details a 23-year-old woman presenting with an EM-like rash, mucous patches, and moth-eaten alopecia.
  • Diagnostic tests included positive rapid plasma reagin and FTA-ABS, alongside biopsy findings of endothelial swelling and plasma cell infiltrate.

Findings:

  • The patient's presentation and diagnostic results were consistent with secondary syphilis.
  • Histopathology revealed characteristic changes of swollen endothelial cells and a superficial perivascular infiltrate with plasma cells.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of EM-like eruptions.
  • Prompt recognition and treatment of secondary syphilis with penicillin are vital for patient outcomes.