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Photoelectric Effect

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When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...

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Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

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Published on: October 28, 2015

[Update on photoprotection].

Y Gilaberte¹, S González

¹Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España. ygilaberte@salud.aragon.es

Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas

|October 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers new advances in photoprotection, including improved sunscreens, antioxidants, DNA repair, and melanin stimulation. It also discusses protection against infrared radiation for comprehensive skin health.

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Published on: May 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Photobiology
Cosmetic Science

Context:

Photoprotection is crucial for preventing skin aging and cancer.
Advances in understanding UV and infrared radiation damage are key.
The need for effective topical and systemic solutions is growing.

Purpose:

To review recent innovations in photoprotection strategies.
To highlight novel physical, chemical, and biological approaches.
To discuss emerging research in DNA repair and melanogenesis.

Summary:

Innovations include advanced physical and chemical filters.
Antioxidants and DNA repair mechanisms offer new protective avenues.
Stimulating melanogenesis and infrared protection are emerging areas.

Impact:

Provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge photoprotection research.
Informs the development of next-generation sunscreens and skin treatments.
Enhances understanding of skin's response to light and protective measures.