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Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

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Selection of Shine-Dalgarno sequences in plastids.

Oliver Drechsel¹, Ralph Bock

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.

Nucleic Acids Research

|October 23, 2010

Summary

Plastids preferentially use the first Shine-Dalgarno sequence on polycistronic mRNAs, unlike bacteria. This bias likely drives the cleavage of plastid transcripts into single-gene messages for efficient protein production.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Plastid genes are organized into operons and transcribed into polycistronic mRNAs, similar to bacteria.
Protein synthesis in plastids utilizes bacterial-type 70S ribosomes, with translation initiation often dependent on Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence recognition in plastids.
To compare translation initiation efficiency between plastids and Escherichia coli using transgenic mRNAs with multiple SD sequences.

Main Methods:

Analysis of translation initiation from transgenic mRNAs containing multiple SD sequences.
Comparative study of translational efficiencies in Escherichia coli and plastids.

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Main Results:

Plastids show a strong preference for initiating translation at the 5'-most SD sequence on polycistronic mRNAs.
Internal SD sequences are recognized less efficiently in plastids compared to Escherichia coli.

Conclusions:

The inefficient recognition of internal SD sequences in plastids suggests a regulatory mechanism.
This bias likely explains why most plastid polycistronic transcripts are cleaved into monocistronic mRNAs post-transcriptionally to ensure proper gene expression.