Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Anti-hypertensive medications and erectile dysfunction: focus on β-blockers.

Endocrine·2024

Same author

Refracture following vertebral fragility fracture when bone fragility is not recognized: summarizing findings from comparator arms of randomized clinical trials.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2023

Same author

The integrated structure of care: evidence for the efficacy of models of clinical governance in the prevention of fragility fractures after recent sentinel fracture after the age of 50 years.

Archives of osteoporosis·2023

Same author

Molecular study of the presence and transcriptional activity of HPV in semen.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2023

Same author

A low-cost internal standard loader for solid-phase sorbing tools.

Journal of breath research·2023

Same author

Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and testosterone: a meta-analysis study.

G Corona¹, M Monami, G Rastrelli

¹Andrology Unit and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

International Journal of Andrology

|October 26, 2010

Summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to low testosterone levels in men. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may improve T2DM metabolic control and reduce fat mass, but more research is needed.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Men's Health

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with male hypogonadism.
The precise role of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in managing T2DM remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically analyze the relationship between androgen levels and T2DM.
To meta-analyze the metabolic effects of TRT in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, cross-sectional, and interventional studies.
Medline search for 'testosterone', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', and 'males'.
Inclusion of 37 studies and one unpublished RCT.

Main Results:

T2DM patients exhibited significantly lower plasma testosterone levels compared to non-diabetic individuals.
Ageing and obesity influenced testosterone levels, but T2DM remained associated with lower total testosterone (TT) after adjustment.
TRT in RCTs led to significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, fat mass, and triglycerides.

Conclusions:

T2DM is independently associated with male hypogonadism.
TRT shows potential for improving glycometabolic control and reducing fat mass in men with T2DM.
Further research on TRT's efficacy in T2DM is warranted due to limited RCT data.