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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

A coordinated global control over cellular transcription.

Jacob Zhurinsky1, Klaus Leonhard, Stephen Watt

  • 1Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue P.O. Box 5, New York, NY 10065, USA. zhurini@rockefeller.edu

Current Biology : CB
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cells maintain consistent transcription rates per protein by globally controlling gene expression, regardless of DNA content. This suggests a global regulatory mechanism influences cell growth.

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
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Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
07:05

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Published on: September 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene transcription regulation is well-studied, but global controls are unclear.
  • Investigating the impact of DNA-to-protein ratio on overall transcription rates is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cells possess global controls for transcription rates.
  • To examine the effect of DNA-to-protein ratio on transcription in fission yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fission yeast mutants with altered cell size and cell-cycle progression.
  • Varied the DNA-to-protein ratio across a 5-fold range.
  • Monitored global and individual gene transcription rates and RNA polymerase II occupancy.

Main Results:

  • Cells regulated global transcription to maintain constant transcription rates per protein within a 2-fold size variation.
  • Total transcription rates plateaued at low DNA-to-protein ratios in larger, arrested cells.
  • Individual gene expression levels remained coordinated across all tested cell sizes.

Conclusions:

  • A coordinated, global control mechanism likely dictates the transcription rate of most genes.
  • This global control may play a significant role in regulating cellular growth rate.