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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Antigen-presenting cell function in the tolerogenic liver environment.

Angus W Thomson1, Percy A Knolle

  • 1Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. thomsonaw@upmc.edu

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The liver

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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Organ Function

Background:

  • The liver's unique environment supports its metabolic functions, including nutrient processing and clearing microbial products.
  • Liver tolerogenicity and immune regulation involve specialized cells and molecular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of liver antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in governing hepatic immune responses.
  • To explore how current knowledge of liver immunity can inform therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on liver immunology and cell biology.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms underlying liver antigen-presenting cell function.
  • Synthesis of recent research on hepatic immune regulation.

Main Results:

  • Liver antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are central to maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • Both parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells contribute to immune regulation.
  • Specific molecular pathways and locally produced factors are key mediators of liver tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding liver APCs is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Leveraging insights into liver tolerance offers potential for treating liver diseases.
  • Further research into hepatic immune regulation can advance therapeutic strategies.