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Related Concept Videos

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...
Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons
07:30

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons

Published on: May 12, 2015

Principles and methods of immunohistochemistry.

José A Ramos-Vara1

  • 1Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. ramosja@purdue.edu

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunohistochemical techniques use immunological and chemical reactions to detect antigens in tissues. This review covers common methods, reagents, and standardization for characterizing normal and pathologic tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Histology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital tool for visualizing specific antigens within tissue samples.
  • It relies on the specific binding of antibodies to target antigens, followed by detection systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of common immunohistochemical methods.
  • To detail reagents and essential pretreatments for successful IHC.
  • To emphasize standardization and troubleshooting for reliable results.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established immunohistochemical protocols.
  • Discussion of reagent selection and optimization.
  • Explanation of pretreatment steps, including blocking and antigen retrieval.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of IHC techniques for antigen detection.
  • Inclusion of methods for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
  • Guidance on standardizing new antibody protocols and troubleshooting common issues.

Conclusions:

  • Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific method for antigen detection across various species.
  • Proper technique, including pretreatment and standardization, is crucial for accurate tissue characterization.
  • This review serves as a guide for researchers and diagnosticians using IHC.