Molecular biology techniques

    Summary

    This appendix provides readers with detailed molecular biology techniques. It references other publications for comprehensive step-by-step protocols, aiding toxicological research.

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    Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

    Modern Molecular Taxonomy

    Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
    Methods of Classification and Identification01:28

    Methods of Classification and Identification

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    Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

    Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

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    PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction01:32

    PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Overview
    DNA Microarrays02:34

    DNA Microarrays

    Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
    Labeling DNA Probes03:31

    Labeling DNA Probes

    DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
    Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...