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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working memory load improves early stages of independent visual processing.

Luca Cocchi1, Ulrike Toepel, Marzia De Lucia

  • 1Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia. lcocchi@unimelb.edu.au

Neuropsychologia
|October 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

High visual-spatial working memory (VSWM) load improves perception and alters brain activity. Cognitive control mechanisms enhance visual processing for independent goals, optimizing resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory and perception dynamically interact via overlapping brain networks.
  • The precise influence of working memory on intervening visual information processing is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual-spatial working memory (VSWM) load impacts the spatio-temporal brain dynamics of intervening visual perception.
  • To determine if cognitive control mechanisms can selectively enhance concurrent visual processing under high VSWM load.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed a visual proximity grid perception task under varying VSWM load conditions (3 vs. 6 disks).
  • Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and source analyses were used to examine neural activity during intervening grid encoding.
  • Behavioral performance (speed and accuracy) was measured for the perceptual task.

Main Results:

  • Increased VSWM load led to faster and more accurate performance on the perceptual task compared to low load and baseline conditions.
  • VEP analyses revealed changes in neural source configuration between 160-190 ms post-stimulus onset under high VSWM load.
  • Source analyses indicated reduced occipito-parietal activity alongside increased temporal and frontal engagement during high VSWM load.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control supporting VSWM can selectively enhance concurrent visual processing for independent goals.
  • Findings support models where frontal regions synchronize perceptual and mnemonic resources for multiple objectives.
  • Working memory dynamically modulates neural processing of subsequent visual information.