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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Gene Duplication and Divergence

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

Gene Families

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...

Gene Families

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

GeneaQuilts: a system for exploring large genealogies.

Anastasia Bezerianos¹, Pierre Dragicevic, Jean-Daniel Fekete

¹Ecole Centrale Paris. anastasia.bezerianos@ecp.fr

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

|October 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

GeneaQuilts visualizes large genealogies using a matrix format. This interactive system aids genealogical research with novel navigation for exploring thousands of individuals.

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Information Visualization
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Genealogical research involves complex datasets of individuals and family structures.
Current software has limitations in visualizing and navigating large-scale genealogies.
Efficient exploration of extensive family trees is crucial for researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce GeneaQuilts, a novel visualization technique for large genealogies.
To develop an interactive system that enhances genealogical data exploration.
To address the limitations of existing tools in handling thousands of individuals.

Main Methods:

GeneaQuilts employs a diagonally-filled matrix representation with individuals as rows and nuclear families as columns.
An interactive system was developed incorporating overview, timeline, search, and filtering.
A new interaction technique, Bring & Slide, was introduced for fluid navigation.

Main Results:

The GeneaQuilts visualization effectively represents genealogies of up to several thousand individuals.
The interactive system supports key genealogical research tasks.
Preliminary feedback from domain experts indicates the system's utility and effectiveness.

Conclusions:

GeneaQuilts offers a powerful new method for visualizing and interacting with large-scale genealogical data.
The developed system enhances the efficiency and capabilities of genealogical research.
The Bring & Slide interaction technique facilitates seamless navigation in complex family trees.