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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Biofilms01:29

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
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Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Microbiological basis for periodontal therapy.

Magda Feres1, Sheila Cavalca Cortelli, Luciene Cristina Figueiredo

  • 1Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, SP, Brasil.

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|October 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Periodontal disease research evolved from non-specific plaque control to identifying specific bacteria. Current therapy focuses on controlling pathogenic species and maintaining patient plaque control to prevent disease recurrence.

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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Early research identified bacteria as causes of periodontal diseases.
  • The non-specific plaque hypothesis guided treatment for decades.
  • The specific plaque hypothesis later identified key periodontal pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of understanding periodontal disease etiology.
  • To discuss the role of specific microbial species and their interactions.
  • To highlight the importance of current therapeutic goals in managing periodontal pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current research on periodontal disease.
  • Analysis of the shift from non-specific to specific plaque hypotheses.
  • Examination of therapeutic interventions and their impact on microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • Specific periodontal pathogens (e.g., "red complex" and "orange complex" species) are implicated in disease.
  • Microbial interactions and the balance between pathogenic and beneficial species influence disease.
  • Therapies like scaling and root planing (SRP) and surgical interventions reduce specific pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Controlling specific periodontal pathogens is a primary therapeutic goal.
  • Patient-maintained plaque control is critical for preventing periodontitis recurrence.
  • Understanding microbial dynamics is key to effective periodontal disease management.