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Parkinson's disease and Porphyromonas gingivalis levels: a case-control study
Nathália Alves Gusmão1, Augusto Paixão Moraes Mateus1, Victor Bento Oliveira1
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|March 25, 2026
Summary
Parkinson's disease (PKD) is strongly linked to periodontitis (PE). Higher Porphyromonas gingivalis levels and poorer oral hygiene increase PKD risk, highlighting the importance of periodontal health.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Periodontology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PKD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
- Periodontitis (PE) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums.
- Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between systemic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinical and epidemiological association between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis.
- To quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis levels in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease.
- To identify risk variables influencing the association between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 172 participants (86 with Parkinson's disease, 86 controls).
- Comprehensive periodontal examinations including plaque index and probing depth measurements.
- Subgingival clinical sampling for quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of periodontitis (73.2%) was found in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
- Significant risk factors for Parkinson's disease included periodontitis, higher P. gingivalis counts, fewer teeth, infrequent toothbrushing, and bleeding on probing.
- Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between P. gingivalis counts and periodontal parameters in Parkinson's disease patients.
Conclusions:
- A robust association exists between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis.
- The risk of Parkinson's disease increases with the severity of periodontal disease.
- Elevated levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis are significantly associated with Parkinson's disease.
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