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Simultaneous bilateral hand strength testing in a client population, part I: diagnostic, observational and subjective
Darrell W Schapmire1, James D St James, Larry Feeler
1X-RTS Software Products, Inc., Hopedale, IL 61747, USA. ds@xrts.com
Objectives:
1. To determine if scores on pain questionnaires and overt behaviors during a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) were related to variability between repeated measures during a hand strength assessment. 2. To determine if failure of statistically-based validity criteria, as proposed by Schapmire, St. James and Townsend et al. [26] is likely to be due to pain.
Participants:
200 consecutive clients presenting for an FCE.
Methods:
Subjects filled out pain questionnaires, were observed for various behaviors and were administered the distraction-based hand strength assessment.
Results:
Clients failing two or more of the statistically-based validity criteria had higher scores on most pain questionnaires, presented with a higher frequency of various pain behaviors (p < 0.05 and < 0.001, respectively), and had a lower rate of relevant surgeries (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of failed validity criteria between this group of clients and for normal subjects feigning weakness in a controlled study (p> 0.05).
Conclusions:
Pain does not reasonably explain the failure of the statistically-based validity criteria. The protocol is appropriate for use in a client population.
