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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Organization of the Brain01:30

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Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
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Published on: November 29, 2024

Renewed focus on the developing human neocortex.

Gavin Clowry1, Zoltán Molnár, Pasko Rakic

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. g.j.clowry@ncl.ac.uk

Journal of Anatomy
|October 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human brain development reveals unique features not found in rodents, crucial for understanding human-specific neurological conditions. New techniques enable exploration of these complex developmental origins.

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Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Many human psychiatric and neurological disorders have developmental origins.
  • Rodent models are valuable but lack human-specific brain features.
  • The human cerebral cortex possesses unique genetic, molecular, cellular, and anatomical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore unique aspects of human brain development.
  • To highlight novel neuronal types and cytoarchitectonic areas in the human cortex.
  • To review recent advances in understanding human brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on human brain development.
  • Analysis of gene expression, connectivity, and function of human cortical areas.
  • Investigation of neurogenetic compartments, cell migration, and neuronal diversity.

Main Results:

  • Human cortical expansion is qualitative, with novel neuron types and areas absent in rodents.
  • Elaborated neurogenetic compartments, radial/tangential migration, and transient subplate layers are observed.
  • A greater diversity of early-generated neurons, including predecessor neurons, has been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Unique features of human brain development are critical for understanding human-specific conditions.
  • Recent technological advancements have revitalized the study of the developing human brain.
  • Further exploration of these differences is essential for advancing neuroscience and neurology.