Intercostal artery laceration following thoracentesis

Area of Science:

• Medical Case Reports
• Thoracic Surgery
• Interventional Pulmonology

Background:

• Thoracentesis is a common procedure for pleural fluid analysis and drainage.
• Complications, though rare, can occur and require prompt management.
• Intercostal artery laceration is an infrequently reported complication.

Observation:

• A 78-year-old male patient underwent thoracentesis.
• Following the procedure, a significant increase in pleural fluid was noted on radiography.
• Massive hemothorax was diagnosed via emergency chest tube insertion.

Findings:

• The patient presented with a massive hemothorax post-thoracentesis.
• Diagnostic imaging confirmed a substantial increase in pleural effusion.
• The underlying cause was identified as an intercostal artery laceration.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential for intercostal artery laceration following thoracentesis, even in elderly individuals.
• Prompt diagnosis and intervention, including surgical repair, are crucial for managing hemothorax.
• Awareness of this rare complication is important for clinicians performing thoracentesis.