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[HIV-associated periodontal lesions]
1Poliklinik für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde Nord, Freie Universität Berlin.
Parodontologie (Berlin, Germany)
|May 1, 1990
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to various oral lesions, including rare gingival candidiasis and more common periodontal diseases. HIV patients are susceptible to viral infections causing ulcers and Kaposi's sarcoma.
Area of Science:
- Oral medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Immunology
Context:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a higher incidence and severity of periodontal diseases.
- Oral candidiasis, particularly affecting the gingiva, is less common in HIV patients compared to other oral mucosal sites.
- HIV-induced immunodeficiency increases susceptibility to viral infections and reactivation, leading to distinct oral manifestations.
Purpose:
- To review the spectrum of oral lesions associated with HIV infection, focusing on gingival and periodontal conditions.
- To highlight the clinical characteristics of various oral infections and lesions in HIV-positive individuals.
Summary:
- HIV infection frequently causes gingival and periodontal issues, with increased disease frequency and severity.
- Oral candidiasis, including pseudomembranous, erythematous, and hyperplastic forms, is noted, though gingival candidiasis is rare.
- Viral infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1/2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause progressive ulcerations.
- Oral Kaposi's sarcoma presents as bluish or red spots that can develop into exophytic tumors.
Impact:
- Improved understanding of oral manifestations in HIV patients can aid in early diagnosis and management.
- Recognizing these lesions is crucial for comprehensive patient care and monitoring disease progression.
- This review emphasizes the importance of oral health surveillance in the management of HIV infection.