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Langerhans cells in innate defense against pathogens
Marein A W P de Jong1, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
1Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Trends in Immunology
|October 30, 2010
Summary
Langerhans cells (LCs) capture HIV-1 via Langerin, preventing transmission. However, immune activation can turn these cells into HIV-1 transmitters, highlighting a dual role in infection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Langerhans cells (LCs) are critical immune cells at mucosal surfaces, acting as the first line of defense against pathogens.
- Recent research indicates LCs possess an intrinsic capacity to combat Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex, dual role of Langerhans cells in innate immunity against pathogens.
- To focus specifically on the implications of Langerhans cells in the context of HIV-1 dissemination.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing scientific literature and data.
- Focuses on the function of Langerin, an LC-specific C-type lectin.
- Examines the impact of immune activation and co-infections on LC behavior.
Main Results:
- Langerhans cells express Langerin, a molecule that effectively captures HIV-1, thereby inhibiting viral transmission.
- Immune activation can alter Langerhans cells, transforming them from protective cells into facilitators of HIV-1 transmission.
- The anti-HIV-1 function of LCs is contingent upon various factors, including the presence of co-infections.
Conclusions:
- Langerhans cells exhibit a dichotomous role in the context of viral infections like HIV-1.
- Their antiviral efficacy is context-dependent, influenced by factors such as immune activation status and co-infections.
- Understanding this dual function is crucial for developing effective strategies against mucosal infections and HIV-1 dissemination.
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