Congenital mesoblastic nephroma and polyhydramnios

Area of Science:

• Perinatology
• Pediatric Oncology
• Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Polyhydramnios and premature delivery are pregnancy complications.
• Infants born with renal tumors present a diagnostic challenge.
• Mesoblastic nephroma is a specific type of congenital renal tumor.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential for antenatal diagnosis of mesoblastic nephroma.
• To highlight the role of polyhydramnios in enhancing fetal mass detection.
• To review the outcomes of infants diagnosed with mesoblastic nephroma.

Main Methods:

• Case series of three pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios and premature delivery.
• Ultrasound examination for fetal abdominal mass detection.
• Histopathological confirmation of mesoblastic nephroma.

Main Results:

• All three infants were diagnosed with mesoblastic nephroma.
• Polyhydramnios facilitated ultrasound detection of fetal abdominal masses.
• Surgical removal was curative in most cases, with tumors proving benign.
• Local infiltration or adhesions occasionally complicated surgical removal.

Conclusions:

• Antenatal diagnosis of mesoblastic nephroma is feasible, aided by polyhydramnios and ultrasound.
• Mesoblastic nephroma is often benign and treatable with surgery.
• The prognosis for infants with residual tumor after surgery remains uncertain.