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Data Collection by Survey

Data Collection by Survey

The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...

Data Collection by Observations

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Stratified Sampling Method

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...

Observational Studies

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

The Second National Sun Survey: overview and methods.

Loraine D Marrett¹, David A Northrup, Erin C Pichora

¹Poulation Studies & Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON. loraine.marrett@cancercare.on.ca

Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique

|November 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Second National Sun Survey (NSS2) estimated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and sun protection habits in Canadians. Findings will inform public health programs to reduce UVR risks.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Environmental Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure poses significant health risks.
Understanding Canadian sun exposure patterns is crucial for public health interventions.
Previous national surveys provided baseline data on sun safety behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate current ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure levels among Canadians.
To assess sun protection knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
To provide data for developing effective UVR harm reduction strategies.

Main Methods:

The Second National Sun Survey (NSS2) utilized two distinct adult samples (age 16+).
Computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) was employed for data collection.
A base sample provided in-depth data; a comparison sample allowed for 1996 survey comparisons.

Main Results:

NSS2 collected data from 7,121 adults in the base sample and 2,115 in the comparison sample.
Response rates for both surveys were 63%.
The survey gathered detailed information on UVR exposure, protective behaviors, and sun safety knowledge.

Conclusions:

NSS2 offers comprehensive, up-to-date data on Canadian UVR exposure.
Survey findings will guide health promotion experts and policymakers in creating targeted UVR minimization programs.
Identified strengths and limitations will inform future national sun surveys.