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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for ITER.

W Rowan1, M Austin, J Beno

  • 1Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. w.l.rowan@mail.utexas.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate electron temperature measurements are crucial for ITER fusion energy research. This study details a novel diagnostic system with high spatial resolution and coverage, including a unique calibration source for reliable performance.

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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Fusion Science
  • Plasma Physics
  • Diagnostic Instrumentation

Background:

  • Electron temperature measurements are vital for ITER operation, particularly during deuterium and alpha heating phases.
  • Stringent spatial coverage and resolution requirements must be met for both full and half-field operations.
  • The front-end design, featuring a quasioptical antenna and calibration sources, is key to the diagnostic's success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an electron cyclotron emission diagnostic system for ITER.
  • To ensure the diagnostic meets critical performance criteria for various operational phases.
  • To introduce a novel hot calibration source for in-situ calibration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a quasioptical antenna for electron cyclotron emission detection.
  • Employing first harmonic O-mode for core measurements and second harmonic X-mode for pedestal measurements.
  • Implementing a novel hot calibration source with a successfully tested emissive surface.

Main Results:

  • Achieved radial resolution of less than 0.06 m.
  • Demonstrated spatial coverage from the core to the separatrix.
  • Confirmed the adaptability of instrumentation for different field strengths by adjusting polarization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed diagnostic system is capable of meeting ITER's stringent requirements for electron temperature measurement.
  • The novel hot calibration source provides reliable in-situ calibration, enhancing measurement accuracy.
  • The system's flexibility allows for effective operation across various ITER operational phases and magnetic field strengths.