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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

3D Imaging of Soft-Tissue Samples using an X-ray Specific Staining Method and Nanoscopic Computed Tomography
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Published on: October 24, 2019

Prototype high resolution multienergy soft x-ray array for NSTX.

K Tritz1, D Stutman, L Delgado-Aparicio

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. ktritz@pppl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new diagnostic design uses an image intensifier to improve multi-energy soft x-ray (SXR) detection. This compact device enhances plasma electron temperature (Te) measurements by analyzing more filtered x-ray profiles.

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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Fusion energy research
  • Diagnostic instrumentation

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of plasma parameters like electron temperature (Te) is crucial for fusion energy research.
  • Existing soft x-ray (SXR) detection methods may have limitations in signal amplification and the number of measurable profiles.
  • Developing compact and efficient diagnostics is essential for characterizing high-performance plasmas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel diagnostic design for enhanced multi-energy soft x-ray (SXR) detection.
  • To develop a compact diagnostic system capable of measuring electron temperature (Te) alongside plasma density and impurity contributions.
  • To implement and test a prototype system for high-speed SXR profile measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an image intensifier to amplify signals from a larger set of filtered x-ray profiles.
  • Employing a filtered x-ray pinhole camera with a CsI:Tl phosphor for x-ray to visible light conversion.
  • Implementing a single-energy prototype system on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX).

Main Results:

  • Successfully implemented a single-energy prototype diagnostic system.
  • Achieved high-speed SXR profile measurements in high-performance plasmas at frame rates up to 10 kHz.
  • Demonstrated the capability of the diagnostic to measure Te, density, and impurity contributions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel diagnostic design significantly enhances SXR detection capabilities.
  • The compact system offers a simplified approach to measuring key plasma parameters.
  • The implemented prototype shows promise for advanced plasma diagnostics in fusion devices.