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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
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Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Word category conversion causes processing costs: evidence from adjectival passives.

Britta Stolterfoht1, Helga Gese, Claudia Maienborn

  • 1University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. britta.stolterfoht@uni-tuebingen.de

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated word category storage in the mental lexicon. Findings suggest a lexicalist approach, showing processing costs for category conversion, supporting the idea that word categories are lexically specified.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

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Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The storage of syntactic category information in the mental lexicon is debated.
  • The lexicalist approach posits lexically specified categories, while the syntactic approach suggests context-dependent determination.
  • Processing category-ambiguous words provides insight into these theoretical accounts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate processing costs associated with word category conversion.
  • To test predictions of the lexicalist versus syntactic approaches to word category storage.
  • To examine the processing of adjectival passives as a case of category conversion.

Main Methods:

  • A self-paced reading study was employed.
  • Participants read sentences featuring adjectival passives.
  • Reading times were analyzed to detect processing costs.

Main Results:

  • Evidence was found for processing costs consistent with the lexicalist approach.
  • A grammatical process converting verbal participles to adjectival forms incurred processing costs.
  • The findings support the notion of lexically specified word categories.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for category conversion from verbal participles to adjectival forms.
  • Processing costs suggest that syntactic categories are lexically specified.
  • Alternative explanations, such as word frequency, were considered but the primary findings support the lexicalist view.