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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

The influence of working memory load on the Simon effect.

Xiao Zhao1, Antao Chen, Robert West

  • 1Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Verbal working memory (WM) load abolished the Simon effect, suggesting a key role for verbal WM in processing spatial location during the Simon task. Spatial WM load did not impact the Simon effect.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Simon task is a widely used paradigm to study cognitive control and response inhibition.
  • Working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in various cognitive processes, including attention and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct contributions of spatial and verbal working memory to processing stimulus location in the Simon task.
  • To examine the impact of working memory load on the Simon effect.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using the Simon task under single- and dual-task conditions.
  • Dual-task conditions involved encoding spatial locations or character identities into working memory before responding to Simon stimuli.
  • Working memory capacity was assessed using a post-task test.

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Main Results:

  • The Simon effect remained significant under spatial working memory load.
  • The Simon effect was completely abolished when participants performed a verbal working memory task concurrently.
  • These findings indicate that verbal working memory, not spatial working memory, is critical for processing spatial location in the Simon task.

Conclusions:

  • Verbal working memory is integral to the processing of spatial location within the Simon task.
  • The results challenge dual-route models of the Simon effect and provide support for response discrimination accounts.