Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Family history of diabetes and glycemic progression: A propensity score-based analysis using health checkup data.

PloS one·2026
Same author

The Therapeutic Effect of a Biodegradable Long-Acting Intravitreal Implant Containing CGK012 on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Promoting β-Catenin Degradation.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucopyranose Induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Colon Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Journal of microbiology and biotechnology·2025
Same author

[Retracted] Upregulation of Stat1‑HDAC4 confers resistance to etoposide through enhanced multidrug resistance 1 expression in human A549 lung cancer cells.

Molecular medicine reports·2025
Same author

Regulation of neuronal fate specification and connectivity of the thalamic reticular nucleus by the Ascl1-Isl1 transcriptional cascade.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2024
Same author

Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Different <i>Amaranthus</i> Species: Influence of Genotypes and Harvesting Year.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Identification of an evolutionarily conserved, functional noncoding element regulated by Six1 homeoprotein.

Yongsu Jeong1, Sangtaek Oh

  • 1Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea. yongsu@khu.ac.kr

Genes & Genetic Systems
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Six1 (sine oculis homeobox) is a transcription factor crucial for nervous system development. Researchers identified a conserved enhancer, SRE1, regulated by Six1, which controls gene expression in developing ganglia.

More Related Videos

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Six1 (sine oculis homeobox) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor essential for nervous system development, cell differentiation, and organogenesis.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms by which Six1 regulates gene expression during development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel Six1-regulated genomic regions and their enhancer activity in vivo.
  • To investigate the functional conservation and regulatory mechanisms of a newly identified Six1-bound regulatory element.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and ChIP-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) to identify Six1-bound genomic regions in developing mouse embryos.
  • Reporter assays in transgenic mouse embryos using cloned Six1-bound sequences to assess enhancer activity.
  • Comparative genomic analysis and mutational analysis to determine functional conservation and identify key regulatory binding sites.

Main Results:

  • ChIP-Display identified numerous Six1-bound regions in the developing mouse embryo, with robust validation by ChIP-qPCR.
  • A novel Six1-bound Regulatory Element 1 (SRE1) demonstrated enhancer activity, driving reporter gene expression in cranial and spinal ganglia.
  • SRE1 sequences from human, chicken, and frog exhibited conserved enhancer activity, and mutational analysis confirmed the requirement of a Six1/2/4/5 binding site for this activity.

Conclusions:

  • SRE1 is a functionally conserved transcriptional enhancer regulated by Six1, playing a role in vertebrate nervous system development.
  • This study provides insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks controlled by Six1 during organogenesis.