Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

Protein Transport to the Thylakoids

Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron transport proteins and is enclosed by a thylakoid membrane rich in the light-harvesting complex. Proteins targeted to the thylakoids are transported as precursors and are sorted by the general TOC/TIC import pathway. Once the precursor reaches the stroma, stromal processing peptidases remove their transit signal and expose thylakoid signal...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural analysis of <i>de novo</i> designed binders targeting the closed state of HSP90.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Structural basis of phosphodiesterase-5 conformational organization revealed by a PDE6/PDE5 chimera.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Inhibition of Unc119b improves insulin sensitivity through potentiation of Rac1 activation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.

Molecular metabolism·2025
Same author

Structural and functional dynamics of human cone cGMP-phosphodiesterase important for photopic vision.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Molecular basis of CRX/DNA recognition and stoichiometry at the Ret4 response element.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2024
Same author

Reconstitution of the phosphodiesterase 6 maturation process important for photoreceptor cell function.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2023
Same journal

Reflections from Mathias Bähr, PhD, Editor-in-Chief for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 2017-2026.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Advancing molecular and cellular neuroscience: Vision and priorities from the new editor-in-chief.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease: A review of APOE receptors, signalling pathways and therapeutic opportunities.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Inadvertent p75NTR signaling might cause inconsistencies in the neuroprotection offered by mesenchymal stem cells.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Depressed mitochondrial function and electron transport Complex II-mediated H2O2 production in the cortex of type 1 diabetic rodents" [Mol. Cell. Neurosci. Volume 90, July 2018, Pages 49-59].

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Sleep deprivation and hippocampal integrity: Oxidative stress mediated neuronal, memory and behavioral alterations and the restorative role of sleep recovery.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis
11:08

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis

Published on: December 7, 2021

Diffusion and light-dependent compartmentalization of transducin.

Vasily Kerov1, Nikolai O Artemyev

  • 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transducin

More Related Videos

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays
12:25

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays

Published on: September 28, 2018

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis
11:08

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis

Published on: December 7, 2021

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays
12:25

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays

Published on: September 28, 2018

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Transducin compartmentalization and mobility are crucial for rod photoreceptor function.
  • Light adaptation and phototransduction rely on dynamic transducin behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of transducin/rhodopsin interactions and lipid modifications on transducin's membrane dynamics.
  • To understand the mechanisms governing light-induced translocation of transducin in rod cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic Xenopus laevis models expressing EGFP-fused transducin subunits.
  • Employed EGFP-fluorescence imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to analyze localization and diffusion.
  • Examined wild-type and mutant transducin constructs with altered lipid modifications or rhodopsin coupling.

Main Results:

  • Mutants with impaired rhodopsin coupling or altered lipid modifications showed defective light-dependent translocation.
  • Activated transducin exhibited moderately accelerated lateral diffusion, consistent with subunit dissociation.
  • Longitudinal diffusion kinetics were similar for transducin with one or two lipid anchors, but impaired with stable dual lipid attachment.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid modifications and rhodopsin interactions significantly influence transducin's light-induced translocation and membrane mobility.
  • Stable dual lipid attachment of transducin may hinder axial diffusion, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for transducin movement.