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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma
04:19

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Published on: February 20, 2026

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma.

Saira Fatima1, Zubair Ahmed, Mohammad Azam

  • 1Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. saira.fatima@aku.edu.com

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare smooth muscle tumor condition. This case highlights BML presenting as lung nodules after uterine fibroid removal.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma
04:19

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Published on: February 20, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Pathology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle.
  • It predominantly affects women of reproductive age with a history of uterine leiomyomata.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old woman underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids.
  • Postoperatively, she developed pleural effusion and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules.

Findings:

  • Chest CT confirmed multiple lung and pleural nodules.
  • Histopathology revealed a benign-appearing smooth muscle neoplasm consistent with BML.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering BML in reproductive-age women with pulmonary nodules post-gynecologic surgery.
  • Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management.