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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...

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Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle
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Does calorie restriction induce mitochondrial biogenesis? A reevaluation.

Chad R Hancock1, Dong-Ho Han, Kazuhiko Higashida

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, 4566 Scott Ave., Campus Box 8113, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|November 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thirty percent calorie restriction (CR) did not increase mitochondria in major organs of rats. This study challenges previous findings on CR and mitochondrial biogenesis, suggesting no significant impact on cellular energy production.

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Published on: January 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Metabolism
  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Previous studies suggested 30% calorie restriction (CR) significantly increases mitochondrial biogenesis and function in multiple tissues.
  • These reported increases in mitochondria, respiration, and ATP synthesis were found to be surprising by the researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether 30% CR actually induces an increase in mitochondria.
  • To examine mitochondrial content in heart, brain, liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle following CR.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of various mitochondrial proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in rat tissues.
  • Assay of citrate synthase activity as an indicator of mitochondrial content.
  • Subjecting laboratory rodents to a 30% CR regimen for 14 weeks.

Main Results:

  • No significant increase in measured mitochondrial proteins or mRNAs was observed across tissues, except for a ~60% increase in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase protein in adipose tissue.
  • Citrate synthase activity, a marker for mitochondrial mass, showed no increase.
  • The findings indicate a lack of substantial mitochondrial biogenesis in response to 30% CR.

Conclusions:

  • The study concludes that 30% CR does not induce an increase in mitochondria in the examined tissues of laboratory rodents.
  • The lack of increase in key mitochondrial proteins and citrate synthase activity supports this conclusion.
  • These findings contradict prior reports suggesting significant mitochondrial adaptations to CR.