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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

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Systemic melioidosis presenting as suppurative parotitis.

So Shivbalan¹, Nisha Reddy, Vaidehi Tiru

¹Department of Pediatrics, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Shanthi Colony, IV Avenue, Annanagar, Chennai 600 040, India. sivabalan.somu@gmail.com

Indian Pediatrics

|November 5, 2010

Summary

A pediatric case of septicemic melioidosis with encephalopathy caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei was successfully treated. The child recovered fully with a combination of ceftazidime and oral antibiotics.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Bacteriology
Neuroinfectious Diseases

Background:

Melioidosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, endemic in tropical regions.
Septicemic melioidosis can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including neurological involvement.
Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Observation:

A 3-year-old child presented with fever, parotid swelling, and altered sensorium.
Blood, pus, and throat cultures confirmed Burkholderia pseudomallei infection.
The clinical presentation suggested septicemic melioidosis with encephalopathy.

Findings:

The child was diagnosed with severe septicemic melioidosis complicated by encephalopathy.
Treatment involved intravenous ceftazidime followed by oral co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Microbiological cultures confirmed the causative agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering melioidosis in febrile children with neurological symptoms, especially in endemic areas.
Effective treatment regimens involving ceftazidime and combination oral therapy can lead to complete recovery.
Prompt diagnosis and management are critical to prevent severe complications and mortality associated with pediatric melioidosis.