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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

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Dynamic acromiohumeral interval changes in baseball players during scaption exercises.

Melissa D Thompson1, Dennis Landin, Phillip A Page

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. Mhargr2@lsu.edu

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic scaption exercise narrows the acromiohumeral interval (AHI) in baseball players. Adding load further reduced AHI at 60° and 75°, suggesting scapular positioning is key, though no impingement occurred.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The acromiohumeral interval (AHI) is a critical space in the shoulder joint.
  • Dynamic movements, like scaption, can affect AHI, potentially leading to impingement.
  • Understanding how load impacts AHI during dynamic exercises is important for athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of arm elevation during dynamic scaption exercise on the AHI.
  • To determine if adding a load significantly alters the AHI in healthy baseball players.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen healthy baseball players performed seated scaption from 0° to 90°.
  • Exercises were conducted with and without an additional normalized load.
  • Digital fluoroscopic videos measured dynamic AHI at various humeral elevations.

Main Results:

  • The AHI significantly decreased from arm at side to 45° of elevation in both loaded and unloaded conditions (P < .001).
  • Loaded scaption showed smaller AHI values at 45°, 60°, and 75°, with significant differences at 60° (P = .005) and 75° (P = .003).
  • A trend towards AHI widening was observed at 75° in both conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic scaption causes AHI narrowing, consistent with static measures.
  • Increased AHI narrowing at 60° and 75° with added load suggests scapular positioning plays a significant role.
  • While no clinical impingement was noted, the AHI narrowing in loaded scaption warrants consideration in other populations.