Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tissue-Specific Expression of the EWSR1::FLI1 Fusion Protein Identifies <i>col2a1a</i>-Positive Cells as a Source of Ewing Sarcoma-like Tumors in Zebrafish.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Hog1/p38 and ZAKα drive Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and provide targets to improve cell growth.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Noncooperative Quantum Networks.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

How heterogeneity shapes dynamics and computation in the brain.

Neuron·2025
Same author

Interpretable Disorder-Promoted Synchronization and Coherence in Coupled Laser Networks.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Oral and Dental Management in Children With Congenital Neutropenia.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
11:00

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Slowly produced microRNAs control protein levels.

Zakary L Whichard1, Adilson E Motter, Peter J Stein

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Cell and Molecular Biology, Children's Memorial Hospital and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally. Our model shows miRNAs, even at low levels, potently control protein concentration, impacting gene expression and disease therapies.

More Related Videos

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
11:00

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein levels are critical for biological functions, influenced by transcription, translation, and degradation.
  • Post-transcriptional regulation, particularly by microRNAs (miRNAs), plays a key role in controlling protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mechanistically model the impact of microRNAs on protein concentration.
  • To analyze the regulatory role of miRNA synthesis rates on target protein levels.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a four-state variable, nine-parameter mechanistic dynamical model.
  • Modeling miRNA-mRNA complex formation to account for transcript sequestration and degradation.
  • Sensitivity analysis of the model's steady-state solution.

Main Results:

  • The dynamical model predicts potent effects of miRNAs on protein concentration, even at low copy numbers.
  • Sensitivity analysis reveals miRNA synthesis commonly fine-tunes protein levels.
  • For a subset of miRNA-mRNA pairs with slow miRNA production, miRNA synthesis rate is the dominant control element.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA regulation is a potent mechanism for controlling protein synthesis.
  • The developed model provides a tool for assessing miRNA importance in regulating target proteins.
  • Findings support the development of miRNA-based therapies for diseases like cancer and inflammation.