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Related Concept Videos

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
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Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Interactions of amphipathic CPPs with model membranes.

Sébastien Deshayes1, Karidia Konate, Gudrun Aldrian

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Montpellier, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) enhance therapeutic delivery into cells. This study details methods to analyze CPP biophysical properties, crucial for optimizing cellular uptake of biomolecules.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
12:18

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions

Published on: August 3, 2021

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
07:31

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Published on: September 1, 2023

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
10:12

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers

Published on: September 19, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Poor plasma membrane permeability limits therapeutic cell entry.
  • Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) are developed to improve cellular delivery of biomolecules like nucleic acids and proteins.
  • CPPs can be primary or secondary amphipathic peptides, with diverse internalization mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe protocols for investigating the biophysical properties of amphipathic CPPs.
  • To characterize CPP interactions with model membranes using surface physics approaches.
  • To identify the structural state of CPPs using spectroscopic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Surface physics approaches for peptide-membrane interactions.
  • Circular dichroism spectroscopy for structural analysis.
  • Infra-red spectroscopy for structural identification.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated protocols for analyzing amphipathic CPPs.
  • Characterized interactions of CPPs with model membranes.
  • Identified structural states of MPG, Pep-1, and CADY peptides.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CPP biophysical features is essential for therapeutic development.
  • Surface physics and spectroscopy are key methods for CPP characterization.
  • Analysis of MPG, Pep-1, and CADY highlights the utility of these methods.