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Adjacency and surroundedness in the depth effect on lightness.

Ana Radonjić1, Dejan Todorović, Alan Gilchrist

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. radonjic@sas.upenn.edu

Journal of Vision
|November 9, 2010
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual perception of lightness depends on spatial arrangement, not just retinal images. Grouping equally illuminated surfaces aids the visual system in computing lightness, even without direct adjacency.

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Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research by Gilchrist (1977) demonstrated lightness changes based on perceived spatial position and adjacent elements.
  • Kardos (1934) observed a depth effect for targets surrounded by, but not adjacent to, coplanar neighbors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adjacency and surroundedness in visual lightness perception.
  • To determine if a large depth effect on lightness can be achieved without adjacency.
  • To explore how the visual system groups surfaces for lightness computation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized articulated planes and a between-subjects design, adapting Kardos' experimental setup.
  • Employed Gilchrist's perpendicular planes arrangement to systematically vary adjacency and surroundedness.
  • Manipulated illumination levels (bright and dim) and target-neighbor spatial relationships.

Main Results:

  • A large depth effect on lightness was achieved without adjacency using Kardos' arrangement.
  • Replication of the large depth effect occurred with adjacency in Gilchrist's setup.
  • Eliminating adjacency significantly reduced the depth effect; restoring surroundedness partially restored it, particularly in bright illumination.

Conclusions:

  • Adjacency plays a crucial role in modulating lightness perception, but is not strictly necessary for depth effects.
  • Surroundedness can partially compensate for the loss of adjacency in lightness perception, especially under bright conditions.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that the visual system groups surfaces perceived as equally illuminated to compute surface lightness.