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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Infant feeding methods and maternal sleep and daytime functioning.

Hawley E Montgomery-Downs¹, Heather M Clawges, Eleanor E Santy

¹West Virginia University, Department of Psychology, 53 Campus Dr, PO Box 6040, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA. hawley.montgomery-downs@mail.wvu.edu

|November 10, 2010

Summary

Maternal sleep and daytime functioning were similar across breastfeeding and formula feeding methods in the first 12 weeks postpartum. Choosing formula feeding does not improve maternal sleep compared to breastfeeding.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Maternal Sleep Science
Infant Nutrition

Background:

Postpartum maternal sleep is crucial for recovery and well-being.
Feeding method choices significantly impact maternal experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate maternal sleep patterns and daytime functioning based on infant feeding methods.
To compare objective and subjective sleep parameters between breastfeeding and formula-feeding mothers.

Main Methods:

Actigraphy was used for objective sleep measurement (total sleep time, efficiency, fragmentation).
Subjective sleep quality, awakenings, and wake time were self-reported.
Daytime functioning was assessed using validated scales for sleepiness and fatigue.

Main Results:

No significant differences in objective or subjective sleep parameters were found between exclusively breastfeeding, exclusively formula feeding, or combination feeding groups.
Maternal daytime functioning, assessed via sleepiness and fatigue scales, also showed no variation based on feeding method.

Conclusions:

Encouraging breastfeeding should include accurate information regarding maternal sleep.
Formula feeding does not offer a sleep advantage for mothers compared to breastfeeding.
The potential benefits of breastfeeding should be considered alongside the lack of evidence for improved maternal sleep with formula feeding.