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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

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Experimental Strategies to Bridge Large Tissue Gaps in the Injured Spinal Cord after Acute and Chronic Lesion
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Experimental Strategies to Bridge Large Tissue Gaps in the Injured Spinal Cord after Acute and Chronic Lesion

Published on: April 5, 2016

Spinal cord ring enhancement in multiple sclerosis.

Eric C Klawiter1, Tammie Benzinger, Abhik Roy

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA. eklawiter@partners.org

Archives of Neurology
|November 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal cord ring enhancement is a common finding in multiple sclerosis (MS), often appearing as incomplete rings in the cervical cord. Recognizing this pattern aids in MS diagnosis.

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Synergetic Use of Neural Precursor Cells and Self-assembling Peptides in Experimental Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
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Synergetic Use of Neural Precursor Cells and Self-assembling Peptides in Experimental Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Spinal cord lesions are common in MS and can cause significant disability.
  • Characteristic imaging findings are crucial for MS diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical and imaging features of spinal cord ring enhancement in patients with MS.
  • To determine the prevalence and patterns of spinal cord ring enhancement in MS.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of this imaging finding.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 20 patients with MS and spinal cord ring enhancement.
  • Analysis of cervical and thoracic spinal cord MRI studies over a 3-year period.
  • Review of clinical data, disability scores (Expanded Disability Status Scale), and concomitant brain MRI findings.

Main Results:

  • Spinal cord ring enhancement occurred in 6.2% of MS patients (20/322 studies), predominantly in the cervical cord.
  • Incomplete (open) ring enhancement was the most frequent pattern (95%).
  • Concurrent enhancing brain lesions, often with ring enhancement, were observed in a majority of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal cord ring enhancement is a notable, though not exclusive, imaging pattern in MS.
  • The prevalence and characteristic incomplete ring pattern in the cervical cord can aid in MS diagnosis.
  • Identifying this pattern may expedite diagnosis and potentially avoid invasive procedures.