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Related Concept Videos

Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high pressures...
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures
05:39

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Published on: April 8, 2014

Transmission of light waves through normal shocks.

S I Hariharan, D K Johnson

    Applied Optics
    |November 10, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study characterizes light waves passing through normal shock waves, crucial for understanding fluid dynamics experiments. The developed theory accurately predicts observed light patterns in shock wave experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Optics
    • Wave Propagation

    Background:

    • Shadowgraph experiments are vital for visualizing flow phenomena.
    • Understanding light wave behavior in shock waves is essential for accurate experimental interpretation.
    • Convergent-divergent nozzles are critical components in various aerospace applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a theoretical framework for light waves transmitted through normal shock waves.
    • To provide a theoretical basis for interpreting shadowgraph experiments involving shock waves.
    • To correlate theoretical predictions with experimental observations of light patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulation of a theoretical model for light wave transmission.
    • Development of an approximation for calculating transmitted wave intensity.
    • Conducting shadowgraph experiments with light beams transverse to shock waves in a nozzle.

    Main Results:

    • Calculations of transmitted light wave intensity based on the developed theory.
    • Experimental data capturing light patterns formed by shock waves.
    • Quantitative comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed theory provides a valid method for characterizing light waves through normal shock waves.
    • The theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental observations.
    • This work supports the interpretation of shadowgraph experiments in fluid dynamics.