Candida albicans keratitis in an immunocompromised patient

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Mycology

Background:

• Fungal keratitis is a significant cause of corneal blindness worldwide.
• Unexplained corneal ulcerations require a broad differential diagnosis, including fungal etiologies.
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a known risk factor for opportunistic infections.

Observation:

• A case of severe corneal ulceration in an HIV-positive patient with a poor visual outcome is presented.
• The patient's immunocompromised state was diagnosed retrospectively.
• Corneal perforation necessitated a therapeutic corneal graft.

Findings:

• Candida albicans keratitis can present as an opportunistic infection in compromised corneas and hosts.
• Initial misdiagnosis of fungal keratitis is possible.
• Intensive antifungal therapy may not always prevent the need for corneal grafting.

Implications:

• Clinicians should consider fungal infections, especially Candida, in unexplained corneal ulcers, particularly in potentially immunocompromised patients.
• Early recognition and management of underlying immune deficiencies are critical.
• Corneal grafting may be required to restore vision even with appropriate antifungal treatment.