Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

Muscles of the Eye

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...

The Retinoblastoma Gene

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Atypical superotemporal iris and retinal coloboma.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports·2026

Same author

Glaucoma Management in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Using the Delphi Process.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma·2025

Same author

Congenital retinal folds.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·2025

Same author

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Differentiates Retinoblastoma from Coats Disease on MRI.

American journal of ophthalmology·2024

Same author

Pediatric Ophthalmology Scope of Practice.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2023

Same author

Congenital inner eyelid folds.

Ophthalmic genetics·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Persistently recurrent infantile esotropia.

Marlo Galli¹, Gregg T Lueder

¹Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis Children's Hospital at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

The American Orthoptic Journal

|November 11, 2010

Summary

Persistently recurrent esotropia is uncommon in infantile esotropia cases. Most children achieve satisfactory eye alignment after multiple surgeries, with developmental delay being a common associated condition.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Strabismus Surgery

Background:

Infantile esotropia frequently requires multiple surgical interventions for eye alignment.
Recurrent or consecutive deviations are common challenges in managing infantile esotropia.
A specific group of patients with persistently recurrent esotropia despite multiple surgeries is presented.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate an unusual subset of patients with infantile esotropia experiencing persistent recurrence.
To analyze the surgical outcomes and associated conditions in these challenging cases.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 11 patients with infantile esotropia and at least three prior surgeries.
Data collected included number of surgeries, outcomes, and systemic conditions.

More Related Videos

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards

Published on: September 3, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards

Published on: September 3, 2020

Analysis of ocular alignment and fusion post-surgery.

Main Results:

These 11 patients constituted 4% of infantile esotropia surgeries.
Patients underwent an average of 5 surgeries (range 3-9).
Eight patients achieved alignment within 8 prism diopters, and seven demonstrated fusion; developmental delay was noted in some.

Conclusions:

Persistently recurrent esotropia is a rare but significant challenge in infantile esotropia management.
While most patients can achieve satisfactory alignment, multiple surgical procedures may be necessary.
Associated developmental delays are common, though typically not severe.