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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
12:01

3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2

Published on: October 10, 2017

The sequence read archive.

Rasko Leinonen1, Hideaki Sugawara, Martin Shumway

  • 1European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. rasko@ebi.ac.uk

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) manages the rapid growth of next-generation sequencing data. It provides a public repository for preserving experimental data, as required by journals and funding agencies.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to a dramatic increase in biological data generation.
  • The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) serves as the primary public repository for this NGS data.
  • Journals and funding bodies increasingly mandate data deposition in public archives for scientific record preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the content and structure of the Sequence Read Archive (SRA).
  • To detail the SRA's support for various sequencing platforms.
  • To provide recommendations for data submission levels and formats.

Main Methods:

  • The SRA is operated by the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), including NCBI, EBI, and DDBJ.
  • Data accessibility is provided through multiple international portals.
  • The article outlines the SRA's strategies for managing increasing data volumes.

Main Results:

  • The SRA archives a vast amount of next-generation sequencing data.
  • The archive supports a wide range of sequencing platforms.
  • Recommended submission guidelines and formats are provided to users.

Conclusions:

  • The SRA is a crucial resource for the preservation and accessibility of next-generation sequencing data.
  • The INSDC collaboration ensures the long-term management of this growing data resource.
  • Adherence to recommended submission practices facilitates data integration and analysis.