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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter microstructure correlations with auditory processing ability.

Vincent J Schmithorst1, Scott K Holland, Elena Plante

  • 1Department of Radiology, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. vince.schmithorst@cchmc.org

Ear and Hearing
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter integrity in children is linked to auditory processing skills. Different auditory tasks correlate with distinct brain pathways, suggesting unique neural bases for diagnosing auditory processing disorder (APD).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • White matter microstructure correlates with cognitive functions and intelligence.
  • Higher-order auditory processing tasks, crucial for diagnosing auditory processing disorder (APD), involve complex neural networks.
  • Previous studies suggest involvement of temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes in auditory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between white matter microstructure and performance on higher-order auditory processing tasks in children.
  • To determine if specific white matter tracts are associated with different auditory skills, such as speech-in-noise interpretation, filtered word recognition, and time-compressed sentence understanding.
  • To test the hypothesis that distinct brain regions correlate with each task, supporting a task-dependent neurological basis for APD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess white matter integrity (Fractional Anisotropy - FA) in 17 normal-hearing children (9-11 years).
  • Voxelwise correlation analyses were performed between FA values and performance on auditory processing tasks.
  • Analyses controlled for age, sex, and full-scale IQ.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations between white matter FA and auditory task performance were observed, varying by task.
  • Speech-in-noise interpretation correlated with FA in white matter near prefrontal areas.
  • Recognition of filtered words correlated with FA in the corpus callosum; time-compressed sentences showed correlations in prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, dependent on compression level.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory processing task performance in children depends on brain anatomical connectivity.
  • Results support a dual-stream model of auditory processing, with higher-order tasks favoring the ventral stream.
  • The study indicates that different auditory processing tests may rely on partially independent neurological substrates, impacting APD diagnosis.