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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
04:26

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Howard Y Chang, Anthony J Lembo

    Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
    |November 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New peripheral opioid antagonists and agonists offer promising treatments for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, potentially alleviating gastrointestinal side effects without compromising pain relief. Further clinical studies are needed for efficacy confirmation.

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    Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
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    Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

    Published on: September 11, 2012

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    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
    04:26

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    Published on: July 12, 2024

    Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
    09:44

    Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

    Published on: September 11, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Pharmacology
    • Pain Management

    Background:

    • Opioid analgesics are widely used for pain but cause gastrointestinal side effects like motility delay.
    • Current treatments for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction lack proven efficacy.
    • Opioid receptors are present in both central and enteric nervous systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review emerging therapeutic strategies for managing opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.
    • To explore the potential of peripheral opioid receptor modulators.
    • To highlight the need for further clinical validation of novel treatments.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent research on peripheral μ opioid antagonists and κ opioid agonists.
    • Analysis of drug mechanisms and clinical trial outcomes.
    • Discussion of drugs like methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, asimadoline, fedotozine, and ADL 10-0101.

    Main Results:

    • Peripheral μ opioid antagonists (methylnaltrexone, alvimopan) target enteric receptors, avoiding central effects and improving postoperative ileus.
    • Peripheral κ opioid agonists (asimadoline, fedotozine, ADL 10-0101) modulate gut nociception, showing promise for irritable bowel syndrome and pancreatitis pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral opioid antagonists and agonists represent a promising approach to mitigate opioid-induced gastrointestinal side effects.
    • These agents may offer targeted relief without compromising central analgesia.
    • Further clinical investigation is essential to establish the efficacy of peripheral κ opioid agonists in treating opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.