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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

[Cerebellar ataxic gait].

Hitoshi Mochizuki1, Yoshikazu Ugawa

  • 1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukishima, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review details cerebellar ataxic gait, exploring its neurological causes and clinical features. Understanding cerebellar function is key to diagnosing and managing gait disturbances.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology

Context:

  • The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control and coordination.
  • Cerebellar ataxia presents with characteristic gait abnormalities.

Purpose:

  • To review the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of cerebellar ataxic gait.
  • To summarize the diagnostic considerations and potential rehabilitation strategies for cerebellar ataxia.

Summary:

  • Cerebellar ataxia results from lesions within the cerebellar circuit, affecting Purkinje cells, granule cells, and associated fibers.
  • Key features include a widened base, unsteadiness, irregular steps, and lateral veering, with altered step frequency and support durations.
  • Differential diagnosis must exclude weakness, sensory, and vestibular dysfunction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of cerebellar ataxic gait for clinicians and researchers.
  • Highlights the variability in gait measurements and the need for further evidence-based rehabilitation research.