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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
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Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
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Position Vectors01:29

Position Vectors

A position vector is a fundamental concept in mathematics that helps determine the position of one point with respect to another point in space. It is a vector that describes the direction and distance between two points. Position vectors are highly useful in the field of math and science, as they help represent spatial relationships and make calculations easier.
For instance, we want to locate a point P(x, y, z) relative to the origin of coordinates O. In that case, we can define a position...
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Leveling Equipment

As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
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Absolute, high-resolution optical position encoder.

K Engelhardt, P Seitz

    Applied Optics
    |November 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an optical linear position encoder for precise manufacturing measurements. It achieves 10 nm resolution and 100 nm accuracy using a novel dual-track glass scale and Fourier transform analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metrology
    • Optical Engineering
    • Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Accurate linear position measurement is critical for modern computer-controlled manufacturing.
    • Existing encoders may face limitations in absolute accuracy and resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel absolute optical linear position encoder.
    • To achieve high resolution and accuracy for industrial applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizes a transilluminated glass scale with two code tracks (pseudo-random binary and periodic).
    • Employs a single-lens telecentric optical system for mechanically insensitive imaging.
    • Features a custom photodetector IC for Fourier transform analysis of spatial frequencies.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a resolution of 10 nanometers (nm).
    • Demonstrated an absolute accuracy better than 100 nm over short distances.
    • Verification performed using a commercial laser interferometer.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed absolute optical linear position encoder meets stringent accuracy requirements.
    • The design offers a robust solution for precise linear position sensing in manufacturing.